Airport Security: What Can Go in Your Carry-on?
Rules, prohibitions, quantities – and who sets them.
Liquid restrictions are governed by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and national aviation authorities. In practice, standards vary by region and even by airport.
🚫 What Is Not Allowed in the Cabin (Carry-on)
In this area, rules are broadly consistent worldwide and strictly enforced by security screening; violations lead to confiscation:
- Weapons and weapon-like items: Real firearms, knives, scissors, tools, but also toy weapons and replica weapons will be held back.
- Sharp/pointed objects: Pocket knives, multi-tools, corkscrews, etc.
- Explosives and flammable substances: Fireworks, gasoline, gas canisters, storm lighters.
- Other items: Some sports equipment and filled water bottles can also cause problems.
Official EU overview: European Commission – Aviation Security
🧴 The Core Liquid Rule (100 ml Rule)
This is the most important and most frequently changing point:
- Standard rule: Each container may hold a maximum of 100 ml (what counts is the container's capacity, not the actual amount inside; a 150 ml container that is only half full is also not allowed) and must be placed in a resealable transparent plastic bag with a maximum capacity of 1 liter.
- Exceptions: Necessary medication and baby food may exceed the 100 ml limit; however, it is recommended to carry a doctor's note or prescription.
More information: EASA · TSA (USA) – 3-1-1 Rule
🧳 Carry-on Quantity, Size, and Weight
This is the most "fragmented" area. There are no globally uniform standards; each airline sets its own rules, and the fare you purchased determines whether and how much you may bring.
Who decides this?
- Airlines have the right to set size, weight, and fees for carry-on baggage themselves.
- Airports enforce restrictions through physical sizing frames (sizers); if it doesn't fit, it will be forcibly checked before boarding, and high fees apply.
- Government regulators (such as the EU) are currently trying to harmonize minimum standards (e.g. a free carry-on item in the standard fare by 2027), but this has not yet been fully implemented.
Typical Differences (Examples)
| Airline/Category | Free Carry-on Rule | Dimensions/Weight |
|---|---|---|
| Low-cost carriers (Ryanair) | Only 1 small bag free | approx. 40 × 20 × 25 cm |
| Low-cost carriers (EasyJet) | 1 backpack free | 45 × 36 × 20 cm |
| Major European airlines (Lufthansa) | Standard fare includes 1 carry-on item | usually 55 × 40 × 23 cm, max. 8 kg |
| Long-haul airlines (Emirates) | 1 carry-on item included | 55 × 38 × 20 cm, max. 7 kg (strict checks) |
| US airlines (Delta/United) | Generally more consistent | approx. 56 × 35 × 23 cm, usually no weight limit |
Official Airline Policies
As of: September 2026 · All links open in a new tab.